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Cardiovascular

Abdominal pain in kids

Abnormal/Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (AUB/DUB)

Acanthosis Nigricans

Actinic Cheilitis

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Acute Swollen Joint with Fever

Acute Vision Loss

Acute and Progressive Vision Loss

Adjustment Disorder and Anxiety

Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood

Age related macular degeneration

Alcohol Cessation

Allergic rhinitis

Angular Cheilitis

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

Anorexia Nervosa

Anticholinergics and TCAs

Antidepressants

Antimetabolite drugs

Antiphospholipid syndrome

Anxiety Disorders

Aortic Dissection

Atrial Fibrillation

Behavioural / learning disorders

Behavioural disturbances

Bell’s palsy and Ramsey Hunt syndrome

Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (β-hCG)

Biologic agents

Bipolar Disorder

Bleeding disorders

Bronchiectasis (Updated)

CA-125 (Cancer Antigen 125)

CVD Risk Assessment

Calluses and Corns

Candida (Candidiasis as an STI)

Carpal tunnel syndrome and de quervains tenosynovitis

Cervical spondylosis

Chickenpox (Varicella)

Chronic Cough in Children

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Chronic Stridor

Clavicular fracture

Colorectal Cancer Screening Recommendations

Congestive Cardiac Failure

Connective Tissue Diseases

Contact Dermatitis

Cutaneous Drug Eruptions

Dacrocystitis, dacyrostenosis, dacyrocystocoele

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Depression and Delirium

Dermal melanocystosis (mongolian spot)

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)

Diabetes Insipidus (DI) vs Primary Polydipsia

Diabetic Neuropathy

Dizziness / syncope

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Dupuytrens / trigger finger

Dyspnoea (Shortness of Breath)

Trachoma - Chronic Chlamydia trachomatis Conjunctivitis

Pathophysiology

Inflammation → recurrent infections → chronic conjunctival scarring
Entropion/trichiasis → corneal abrasion, scarring, ulceration

Symptoms

Early: itchy/irritated eyes, mild conjunctivitis
Recurrent sticky discharge (often misdiagnosed as bacterial)
Vision loss from corneal opacity (late stage)

Diagnosis

Clinical: follicular conjunctivitis, scarring
WHO grading system (endemic areas)
Definitive: NAAT for C. trachomatis

Management

Medical: Azithromycin 20 mg/kg (max 1 g) stat dose
- Treat household contacts (prevent reinfection)
Surgical: Refer for trichiasis correction
Environmental:
- SAFE strategy: hand/face washing
- Fly control, waste management, hygiene education
- Reduce overcrowding, improve water access

Key Points

Avoid epilation without expert guidance (risk of corneal damage)
Community-wide screening in endemic areas reduces transmission

Trachoma (Chronic Chlamydia trachomatisConjunctivitis)

Pathophysiology

Chronic infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (serotypes A, B, Ba, C).
Repeated inflammation of the conjunctiva → scarring, which can cause entropion (inward-turning eyelid) and trichiasis (lashes rubbing on cornea).
Ongoing corneal abrasion leads to opacification and possible vision loss if untreated.

Symptoms

Early: Itchy, irritated eyes, mild conjunctivitis with sticky discharge (often mistaken for bacterial infection).
Recurrent sticky or purulent discharge.
Late: Vision loss from corneal opacity/scarring.

Diagnosis

Clinical: Follicular conjunctivitis, scarring in endemic regions.
WHO Grading: TF (Trachomatous Follicular), TI (Trachomatous Intense), etc.
Definitive: NAAT (Nucleic Acid Amplification Test) for C. trachomatis.

Management

Medical Therapy
- Azithromycin 20 mg/kg (max 1 g) single stat dose.
- Treat household contacts to prevent reinfection.
Surgical
- Refer for trichiasis correction if lashes are abrading cornea.
Environmental & Public Health (SAFE Strategy)
- S: Surgery for trichiasis
- A: Antibiotics (azithromycin)
- F: Facial cleanliness (hand/face washing)
- E: Environmental improvements (fly control, waste management, reduce overcrowding, increase water access)

Key Points

Avoid epilation of lashes by non-experts; can worsen corneal damage.
Community-wide screening and mass treatment in endemic areas reduce transmission.
Recognise recurrent or persistent “sticky” conjunctivitis in at-risk communities (remote, limited water supply, high fly burden).

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